Questions & Answers

Frequently asked questions

Stroke is a vast topic with many available resources covering various aspects. In this Q&A page, I’ll address a few lesser-known topics related to stroke that I frequently get asked about.

  • For me, the experience wasn’t painful. I woke up one day and noticed that my arm felt slightly strange. Until I turned to my wife to say that something was wrong with my arm and instead went “rurururururuururu”, I didn’t know that anything was wrong.

Health questions

  • A PFO is a hole between the left and right atria (upper chambers) of the heart. We all have this hole during fetal development to aid breathing. Usually, it closes after birth, but in 25% of the population, it remains permanently open. Fortunately, PFOs are largely benign, and many people remain unaware of their presence throughout their lives.

    However, in some cases, the hole may unexpectedly open, and experts are unsure why. It can occur at any age, regardless of fitness level, diet, or other factors. It simply happens without a clear explanation.

  • The PFO acts as a bypass for impurities, such as blood clots from your legs, to enter the bloodstream and reach the brain. About 50% of all strokes have an unknown cause, and 50% of those - that is, 25% of all strokes - are attributable to a PFO.

  • To address a PFO, a PFO closure operation is performed. This involves a cardiologist inserting a valve through keyhole surgery, either in the groin or wrist, and placing it in the heart. The procedure takes a few hours, and the patient usually returns home the next day.

    While I recommend a public hospital for stroke treatment due to their dedicated stroke wards with specialized stroke teams, I do suggest considering a private hospital for a PFO closure if you have private health cover. In my case, I underwent my PFO closure in a private hospital only three weeks after consulting the cardiologist, while the public wait time was a lengthy 10 months.

  • While PFOs are common, most remain benign, and medical advice generally suggests leaving them be unless there are specific concerns.

Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)

Practical Information

  • My stroke support from the hospital included around ten weeks of rehab for my speech and hand issues. The therapy was daily for the first month and then reduced to twice a week for the remainder of the time. As my included support was coming to an end, I found myself contemplating the next step. Should I continue with rehab? Who should I consult? What would be the cost?

    Fortunately, a friend from school contacted me and addressed this topic directly. She pointed out that I still had severe deficiencies in speech and hand coordination, and continuing with rehab would be highly beneficial. She explained that the brain continues to rebuild neural pathways, much like muscle memory, for years after a stroke, and ongoing therapy would aid in my improvement.

    Being new to this aspect of recovery, I truly valued the straightforward advice my friend provided, and it convinced me to follow her guidance.

  • Although I have private health insurance, my coverage only includes hospital cover and not extras. Consequently, I initially assumed that my ongoing rehab wouldn't be covered, resulting in an out-of-pocket expense. With twice-weekly sessions for both speech and hand therapy, the estimated costs for the next year were around $20,000. Ouch.

    Thankfully, my school friend came to my rescue once again, recommending a former colleague who had transitioned from private practice to the rehab department of a hospital. After assessing my insurer and policy, they informed me of a step-by-step process that would likely allow me to claim my rehab costs under my hospital cover.

    By having my GP refer me to the hospital's rehab doctor, and subsequently being referred to the rehab department, I qualified as a hospital outpatient. Consequently, my rehab expenses could be claimed under my private health insurance, costing me only a $250 gap fee.

    This experience taught me the importance of asking questions and seeking guidance from those familiar with insurance procedures. Each health group maintains different relationships with different funds, so not only the level of cover but also the specific fund can make a difference in your coverage.

  • A friend brought to my attention the possibility of receiving a payout from insurance if I had TPD insurance. In Australia, TPD insurance is commonly found within superannuation funds. Often, Life and TPD cover are included as part of the superannuation setup. I had an old AMP fund that contained both Life and TPD insurance, so I decided to reach out to my insurance broker to explore this option.

    Of course, insurance companies don't simply pay out money upon request. It took six months of navigating through extensive paperwork, involving my broker, GP, and neurologist. The latter two had to provide evidence of the "permanent" aspect of my claim over a period of time. Although policies may vary, the ultimate judgment lies in whether you can continue to perform your specific job. Being a CEO whose main responsibilities involve speaking, my inability to communicate properly demonstrated that I could no longer fulfil my role.

    Though the process involved a lot of running around and collecting paperwork, the payout made a significant difference in reducing stress levels, especially when facing an uncertain future.

Rehab post-initial support

  • When you experience a stroke, you are not allowed to drive for four weeks (specific to Victoria, but regulations may vary in other states). However, it's not as simple as resuming driving immediately once the four weeks are up.

    Even if your hands are functioning well and you feel confident behind the wheel, there is a process to follow:

    1. Your stroke doctor, who monitors your initial rehab, completes a form and sends it to the relevant authority (e.g., VicRoads, RTA).

    2. Afterward, the authorities take their time to send you a letter indicating that "from time to time, we are alerted that a driver should have a test…." The first letter I received asked me to undergo a comprehensive eyesight test, including peripheral vision, far beyond the standard reading of an eye chart. In Victoria, the optometrist enters the results directly into the VicRoads system.

    3. Subsequently, you will probably receive a second letter, similar to the first one, requesting you to take a driving test with an occupational therapist (OT). Certain OTs specialise in these tests. The first stage is an offline assessment to ensure that you still remember the road rules. The second stage involves you and a car driving instructor, evaluating your actual driving skills.

    4. If you pass this driving test, which is tailored to mature drivers and not as meticulous as the one during your P-plate period, the OT submits a form, and the regulator will notify you that you are cleared for driving.

    The key to regaining your driving privileges swiftly is to promptly arrange the eyesight test and book an appointment with the OT.

  • In Victoria, they send you a seemingly friendly letter, informing you about the need for a test. However, a few lines later, the letter warns that your driver's licence might be suspended if you don't take the required test by a specific date. This raised the obvious question - what is my licence status at the moment then?

    To resolve this uncertainty, I had my lawyer call VicRoads on my behalf. I wanted a formal record of this inquiry for insurance purposes. The lawyer spoke with the health legal team at VicRoads. They clarified that my licence was not suspended at that moment, but there was a possibility of suspension if I failed to complete the tests by the due date. As long as I felt confident in my abilities, and the four-week window had passed, I could legally drive.

    Navigating the process may require some effort, but understanding the regulations and seeking professional advice ensures a smooth and safe return to driving after a stroke.

Drivers Licence

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